Comparative Analysis of Outcomes and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Synchronous and Metachronous Contralateral Breast Cancer: A Study of the SEER Database / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: Numerous previous studies have reported inconsistent results about the differences between synchronous contralateral breast cancer (sCBC) and metachronous contralateral breast cancer (mCBC). This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes between sCBC and mCBC and determine predictive factors for the survival of sCBC and mCBC patients. METHODS: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database, we identified sCBC or mCBC patients from 2000 to 2010. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used to analyze overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) rates of sCBCs and mCBCs, respectively. RESULTS: Overall, 14,057 sCBC (n = 8,139, 57.9%) and mCBC (n = 5,918, 42.1%) patients were included. The first tumors of sCBC were more likely to have higher stage and more lymph and distant metastases, whereas those of mCBC were more often infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC), had localized stage, were estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) negative, and had less axillary nodal involvement. The second tumors of mCBC tended to be IDC and have higher grade, adverse stage, ER and PR-negativity; and more axillary nodal involvement, compared to the second tumors of sCBC. mCBC patients had significantly favorable 5-year BCSS but worse long-term BCSS compared with sCBC patients. Moreover, subgroup analysis revealed no significant difference of BCSS between sCBC and mCBC among patients aged 18–60 years. Multivariate analysis indicated that age, grade, and stage of 2 tumors; surgery for second tumor; and ER status of the second tumor were independent prognostic factors for BCSS of contralateral breast cancer (CBC). CONCLUSION: The characteristics and outcomes of sCBCs and mCBCs were substantially different. sCBC and mCBC patients may have different prognosis, and the prognosis of CBC depends on the first and second tumors.

Research progress of the related factors affecting the incidence of uterine myoma / 中国医师杂志

Objective To explore the related factors that affect the incidence of uterine fibroids to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and prevention.Methods Based on the clinical data selected from June 2014 to July 2016 in pathology of our hospital,159 cases of patients were confirmed with uterine fibroids,a comparative study was employed and the single factor test and the logistic regression analysis were both used to analyze the related risk factors that affecting the incidence of uterine fibroids.Results There were all significant level (P ＜ 0.05) between case and control groups in 40 years to 50 years,the number of abortions (≥2) as well as gynecological diseases,which were the independent factors for the incidence of uterine fibroids.In the present,the regression coefficients of former two factors were 0.186 (P ＜ O.05),and 0.584 (P ＜ 0.05),respectively.The corresponding regression coefficients of breast hyperplasia,vaginitis,cervicitis,endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease,and other gynecological diseases and gynecological diseases were 0.221 (P ＜ 0.05),O.363 (P ＜ 0.05),O.539 (P ＜ 0.05),0.361 (P ＜ 0.05),and 0338 (P ＜ 0.05),respectively.It suggests that these were independent factors affecting the incidence of uterine fibroids.Conclusions The more the increasing age and the number of abortions,kinds of gynecological diseases infected will increase the risk of patients suffering from uterine fibroids.

Cross-species Transmission of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J / 病毒学报

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an avian retrovirus that can induce myelocytomas. A high-frequency mutation in gene envelope endows ALV-J with the potential for cross-species transmission. We wished to ascertain if the ALV-J can spread across species under selection pressure in susceptible and resistant hosts. First, we inoculated (in turn) two susceptible host birds (specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens and turkeys). Then, we inoculated three resistant hosts (pheasants, quails and ducks) to detect the viral shedding, pathologic changes, and genetic evolution of different isolates. We found that pheasants and quails were infected under the selective pressure that accumulates stepwise in different hosts, and that ducks were not infected. Infection rates for SPF chickens and turkeys were 100% (16/16), whereas those for pheasants and quails were 37.5% (6/16) and 11.1% (3/27). Infected hosts showed immune tolerance, and inflammation and tissue damage could be seen in the liver, spleen, kidneys and cardiovascular system. Non-synonymous mutation and synonymous ratio (NS/S) analyses revealed the NS/S in hypervariable region (hr) 2 of pheasants and quails was 2.5. That finding suggested that mutation of isolates in pheasants and quails was induced by selective pressure from the resistant host, and that the hr2 region is a critical domain in cross-species transmission of ALV-J. Sequencing showed that ALV-J isolates from turkeys, pheasants and quails had moved away from the original virus, and were closer to the ALV-J prototype strain HPRS-103. However, the HPRS-103 strain cannot infect pheasants and quails, so further studies are needed.